Thank you for your suggestions. I use your suggestion as inspiration for my ultimate solution, you can see my copy and paste response to another individual below. Thank you for your inspiration!
"The use case is to post to a webhook connected to a google chat space when a specific criteria of lead is created in salesforce, but only during business hours.
What I ended up getting to work was inspired by the suggestion by @sanfordwhiteman. I created a formula field in salesforce that calculates the business hours in a true false statement on the lead level, when inside business hours, the checkbox is marked true, when outside of business ours, the checkbox is not marked. Then I have the trigger campaign in marketo run with a filter that checks for the true false statement, if true, it fires, if false, it does not. "
Here is the formula used in the true false field within salesforce in case anyone in the future needs this. Note: salesforce runs in GMT, so adjust the timevalues accordingly. Also, if your local timezone does daylight savings, this will need to be adjusted with the time change. I am in AZ where we do not, so for my use case this should fine year round.
IF(
AND(
WEEKDAY(Today()) > 1,
WEEKDAY(Today()) < 7,
OR(
TIMENOW() > TIMEVALUE("16:00:00.000"),
TIMENOW() < TIMEVALUE("00:00:00.000"))), true, false
)